OBJECTIVE:  I will identify (and submit!) the 10 different stages my proton will exist in during the first part of today's class.

I will identify what type of Universe my proton will cease to exist during today's class.

I will work on my Once-Upon-A-Proton during today's class.

WORDS FOR TODAY:

• Planck Time (10^-43 sec after the Big Bang)
• CMBR ("Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation")

TIMELINE FOR AN OPEN UNIVERSE:

(I) RADIATION ERA:

• 10^-43 sec: Planck Time- The farthest back in time we think we'll ever be able to describe with science & math

• 10^-32 sec: Inflation- The Universe expands *suddenly* faster than the speed of light (still too hot for light)

• 10^-6 sec: Fundamental particles form(but still too hot for light)

• 380,000 years: The Universe cools off enough for electrons to get captured to form complete hydrogen and helium atoms. (finally 'cool' enough for light to shine!)

ERAs IN AN OPEN UNIVERSE

(II) STAR ERA:

• 1 billion (10⁹ years) First Stars Form

• 13.8 billion (~10¹⁰ years) years ABB (After the Big Bang) = NOW!

• 100 Trillion Years (10¹⁴ years) ABB = last read dwarf stars die

(III) DEGENERATE ERA: (10¹⁴ years ~ 10⁴⁰ years

• White Dwarfs Die (10¹⁴ years ~ 10²⁰ years)
• Black Holes Survive
• Black Dwarfs Appear
• Black Dwarfs decay (10³⁰ years ~ 10⁴⁰ years)
• Neutron Stars Decay (10³² years ~ 10⁴⁰ years)

(IV) BLACK HOLE ERA: (10⁴⁰ years ~ 10¹⁰⁰ years)

• No Stars remain
• White Dwarfs are gone
• Black Dwarfs have evaporated
• Neutron Stars have evaporated
• Black Holes Remain.

(V) THE DARK ERA: (10¹⁰⁰ years → ∞ years)

• The Universe continues to expand
• The Universe continues to 'cool' getting every closer to absolute zero but never quite getting there
• CMBR continues to 'cool' and stretch into longer and longer radio wavelengths
• THIS is the time scale explored at the end of The Last Question

WORK O' THE DAY: 

We're going to get a fair amount of work done on our OUAP project today.

Towards that end please provide me with a bulleted list of the 10 stages in which your proton will exist from (#1) its creation shortly after the Big Bang until (#10) its demise (when it ceases to exist). That will depend HUGELY on the type of Universe you choose for your proton to inhabit!:

• Big Freeze (Open)
• Modified Big Freeze (Flat)
• Big Crunch (Closed)
• Big Rip (Ripped apart)

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When you are finished with that document, please submit a link to that SHARED document HERE (I will grade it fairly gently, mostly in the form of presence/absence. However if there are omissions and/or errors, I will be sure and let you know)

Please include the 10 stages of your proton's existence, how the Universe will end (that should be in part #10) and the method you'll use to share your project.

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Now please start to work on your creative project. You are welcome to use any materials I have here in my classroom (Please ask if you don't see something you need, I have lots of stuff in my cabinets that might help)